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This study looks at the relationship between environmental stress and migration in two Uttar Pradesh districts, Mathura and Bijnor, each of which is dealing with unique ecological issues. While Bijnor is subject to sudden-onset stress in the form of frequent floods from the Ganga River, Mathura faces slow-onset stress in the form of land degradation, falling soil fertility, and water scarcity.
The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining primary data from Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) held in specific villages with secondary data analysis from Census 2011 movement tables, NABARD's COVID-induced migration report, and District Census Handbooks. Land deterioration has a major impact on migration from Mathura, particularly among young people looking for alternate sources of income, according to logistic regression models. In contrast, agricultural loss, debt, and frequent displacement force households afflicted by the floods in Bijnor to migrate.
The study emphasises the necessity of district-specific regulations. While better flood infrastructure and livelihood rehabilitation initiatives are needed in Bijnor, sustainable agriculture and groundwater management are crucial for Mathura. This work contributes significant knowledge to the subject of environmental migration and policy planning by distinguishing various environmental stress typologies.
