ANNOUNCEMENTS
This study investigates the effectiveness of mangroves and ponds as Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for mitigating groundwater salinization and freshwater stress in the climate-vulnerable Sundarbans delta (India). Confronting accelerated sea-level rise (3.14 mm/yr), cyclones, and embankment failures, salinization threatens water security for 4.6 million inhabitants.
Empirical analysis of 40 groundwater samples across three islands (Gosaba, Satjelia, Jharkhali) revealed a statistically significant negative relationship between mangrove patch width and groundwater salinity (β = -2.1234, p < 0.001), demonstrating that mangroves act as critical buffers against saltwater intrusion. Simulation analysis identified diminishing returns beyond a 500m mangrove width, establishing an optimal threshold for restoration efficacy.
Complementary perception surveys highlighted the indispensable socio-ecological role of household ponds for irrigation, domestic use, aquaculture, and cultural practices. However, communities reported declining pond water quality, frequent drying, and limited awareness of mangroves’ protective benefits despite recognizing salinity and flooding as severe threats.
The study provides the first empirical evidence quantifying mangroves’ capacity to reduce groundwater salinization in the Sundarbans. It recommends: 1) Strategic mangrove restoration targeting 500m buffers near vulnerable aquifers, 2) Integrated pond rehabilitation to enhance water security, and 3) Community awareness programs linking mangrove conservation to disaster risk reduction. These NbS offer cost-effective pathways to enhance resilience in densely populated deltaic systems facing climate extremes.
