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India’s rapid urbanisation and infrastructure expansion have significantly increased the volume of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, posing severe environmental, economic, and regulatory challenges. This dissertation investigates the potential for achieving circularity in C&D waste management through the adoption of recycled and refurbished materials. With an annual estimated generation of over 150 million tonnes, India formally recycles only 1 2% of its C&D waste, while the rest is mostly dumped illegally, exacerbating urban pollution and resource depletion.
The research explores both global best practices from countries like the Netherlands, Sweden, Japan, and the UAE and Indian city level models to assess viable strategies for circular management. Case studies, including a site visit to Bihar’s only C&D waste processing plant and a practical insight into an Abu Dhabi based project, were analysed to understand ground level realities. Findings highlight that while there is significant potential in India’s C&D waste for reuse and recycling, the sector suffers from weak enforcement, poor infrastructure, and lack of market acceptance.
This study proposes strategies such as policy reform, enhanced infrastructure, public private partnerships, and market creation for recycled products. The forthcoming C&D Waste Management Rules, 2025, if enforced effectively, can address many existing gaps by integrating circular economy principles, ensuring accountability, and promoting sustainable urban development.
Keywords- Construction and Demolition waste, circular economy, recycling and reuse, material passport, Waste management policy.
