ANNOUNCEMENTS
The global distribution of lightning is intrinsically linked to solar insulation and subsequent changes to the Earth's climate and temperature variations as daily and seasonal heating of the continents have an impact on air stability thereby leading to generation of thunderstorms. Through this study we aim to understand how lightning activity is related to large scale teleconnection influences employing various aspects of the weather such as thermodynamics, dynamics, moisture influences et.c across India during the transitioning period from dry-seasons to rainy-seasons. During the period of 1997 to 2022, data on lightning flash rates, radiance and associated weather parameters were extracted from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s(TRMMs), Lightening imaging sensor(LIS), as well as Moderate Resolution Imagining Spectro radiometer(MODIS) and ERA-5 reanalysis archives. In addition it is also substantial to note that there was indeed an appreciable surge detected with respect to both qualities of Lightning across the entire expanse of Indian. This surge was found be particularly strong along Coastal regions. A thorough statistical dominance analysis concluded that the joint effect of TCWV measured by CAPE and AOD plays a crucial role in regulating lightning frequency trends.
As a direct outcome of the foregoing observations and deductions made earlier, it can be noted that the dissertation has been arranged as follows - The initial segment emphasizes on methodology and thoroughly explains abundant datasets. Looking at both where and when lightning occurs is what our first subsection of results focuses on as it tries to uncover important factors contributing to multi-decadal shifts in lightning.
Section two delves into how obtaining more accurate results can be done through incremental reductions of lightning parameters. This is followed by a theoretical as well as case study demonstrations on how anomalously warm SSTs along the east Pacific lead to complex variations in the prevailing dynamic forcing over the Indian region further enforcing a heat dome like condition; and this would lead to fresh instabilities in the atmosphere thereby culminating into lightning. In the current year chances of El Nino are again increasing and hence the deliverables from the current thesis should provide a guide to policy makers to plan in advance so as to prevent any loss to life and property across the North Indian land region especially during the pre monsoon months.
Keywords: Lightning, ENSO, TRMM, Tele connection, Rainfall, Thunderstorms, El Nin˜o, La Nin˜a, Variability Monsoon.
