ANNOUNCEMENTS
There are several challenges in the cement industry. Natural fuel sources, a lack of raw materials, a need for cement that is growing at an exponential rate, and environmental issues related to climate change. A comparable amount of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere with each tonne of standard Portland cement made. To lower the desired energy needs, OPC may be used instead of cement made from locally accessible minerals and industrial wastes, or new clinkers can completely replace existing cement. Alternative binder elements may be added to cement production processes to reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption.
Through thorough analysis of the binder characteristics using advanced technology, the promise of alternative cement as a substitute for traditional OPC may be fully realised. Seven well-known alternative cement types are investigated, and their current standing in relation to OPC is explored. With an overview of several alternative binders and fuels to be utilised in cement manufacturing to reduce CO2 emissions, this research offers a thorough examination of choices for future cement. The advantages and viability of producing inexpensive materials to fulfil the rising demand for cement are then examined.
For the last 150 years, concrete has been a mainstay of the construction sector with its dominating predecessor cement. From 1500 million tonnes in 2000 to over 5 billion tonnes in 2020, concrete production has increased significantly. OPC (Ordinary Portland cement) can be considered now a vital strategic commodity material given our dependence on it. Developing economies are responsible for this exponential growth in global cement production. The production of 11 billion tonnes of concrete annually uses an approximated 50 percent of the world's OPC, with the majority of the remaining quantity going toward mortars, stucco, screeds, coatings, and other uses. Future infrastructure and construction needs will increase the need for durable concrete that is both environmentally friendly and economically viable. By 2050, the requirement for concrete is expected to have increased to almost 18 billion tonnes annually, according to a growing trend.
The Middle East, Northern Africa, and growing nations like China and India have all seen significant development in the last ten years. China now has a 58.13 percent share of the global cement market because of its production. China reportedly generates 900kg of CO2 for each tonne of cement produced, producing close to 4 billion tonnes of cement yearly. Over 3 billion tonnes of CO2 are estimated to be produced annually. Therefore, the cement sector now accounts for 5 to 7 percent of all CO2 emissions. Along with acid rain and greenhouse gas emissions from cement plants, SO2 and NOx also contribute. Cement manufacturing adds to the large use of natural resources in addition to gas emissions. According to reports, one tonne of OPC needs around 1.5 tonnes of raw material to manufacture. Add to that clinker manufacturing involves massive energy. Depleting natural resources, rising energy costs, requirements for reducing CO2 emissions, and assuring continuous availability of suitable raw materials to meet the present rising demand are therefore some of the major difficulties facing the cement industry.
