The infrastructure development of a country plays an important role in the economic growth. With the rise in population, there is demand for more resources. When rapid development occurs, it leads to mass deforestation, water pollution, land degradation, etc. Ecosystems can be destroyed during the installation of infrastructure such as roadways, dams, railways, buildings, etc. There is an irreversible loss of biodiversity due to the construction and improvement of infrastructure. Linear infrastructure projects like roadways, railways, and power transmissions have profound negative implications in and around protected areas. My dissertation aims to address biodiversity loss, focusing on faunal habitats at the advent of infrastructure development projects. For the convenience of research, I will narrow my research to road infrastructure development, mainly focusing on highways as it is one of the fast-growing networks in India that clears routes through the forest cover. I also intend to understand the process of EIA in India to the extent of the inclusive nature of biodiversity loss and faunal loss. The clearances process that gives heads up to the road projects gives rise to biodiversity loss. Furthermore, I would like to study how infrastructure development in roadways takes place in developed countries focusing on Sweden and Switzerland as Sweden is one the countries with the most exemplary road networks and also rich biodiversity. I intend to understand how the development process can be undertaken entirely without or at a minimal cost to the environment.