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In India agro residue based paper mills are the most polluting industries and it requires large amount of fresh water for manufacturing of papers. The growing stringent environmental norms and the economic considerations force industry for reuse of process water. Recycling of the process water can reduce effluent volumes. Analysis indicates that freshwater consumption in Paper Mills varies depending on large and varied requirement such as type of raw material, paper quality, technological level of manufacturing processes, availability of fresh water, etc.
Water pinch method is a concept of process integration for minimizing the fresh water consumption. This method based on the principle of pinch analysis shows graphical representation of targeting and design of water networks with minimum fresh water consumption and maximum reuse of water considering constraints of water quality affecting reuse and recycling within the processes. Based on data obtained through a questionnaire survey, telephonic interviews and mill visits, this work provides an overview of the water use and in Indian agro-based and wastepaper based pulp and paper mills.
Keywords: Water Stress, Manufacturing Process, Recycled Paper, Agro residues, Water auditing, Water pinch method, Flow meters, Techniques.
