Designing a renewable energy based CSR project taking into account the sustainability risks, challenges and opportunities of the corporates- CSR based waste to energy project for managing zoo waste at National Zoological Park, New Delhi
Student name: Ms Vandana Pal
Guide: Dr Arun Kansal
Year of completion: 2014
Host Organisation: Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), Manesar, Gurgaon
Supervisor (Host Organisation): Mr Ashok B. Chakarborty
Abstract: Growing urbanization and industrialization have led to the generation of large quantities of
wastes. In India at present waste generation vary from 200gm – 600gm per capita per day and
it is increasing at the rate of 1.3% per capita. Thus the problem of waste disposal has become
a major challenge. Bulk of this waste is dumped in the open in an uncontrolled manner,
resulting in the pollution of water bodies and land and causing uncontrolled emission of
methane. This problem can be solved by adopting environment-friendly waste-to-energy
technologies for treating and processing wastes before disposal. There are many
technological options are available that can be used to derive energy from waste. These
technologies are well developed and some of these technologies are as: Incineration,
Biomethanation, RDF (refuse-derived fuel), Gasification and Pyrolysis. In Indian context out
of these available technologies, biomethanation and RDF have been proven to be
commercially viable. Also out of total waste generated in India 50 per cent of it is has organic
fraction. Biogas produce through biomethanation process is a clean and efficient fuel
containing about 65 per cent methane, about 34 per cent carbon dioxide and traces of other
gases.
To minimize the quantum of waste for disposal by optimal utilization of the potential of all
the component of waste can be achieve by adopting an integrated waste management
approach. As per MSW Rules, 2000, biodegradable waste cannot be disposed to landfills thus
decentralized approach of waste management that is utilization of waste at the source of
generation is the best practice. The National Zoological Park, New Delhi which has 1347
number of animals generates about 2050 kg waste per day, out of which 90% is organic waste
which has great potential for biomethanation plant. In this report an attempt has been made to
design an integrated waste management system for the National Zoological Park by adopting
the concept of 4R- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover to ensure safe disposal of waste with
the ultimate objective of zero waste going to landfills.
Keywords: Biodegradable waste, Biomethanation, Biogas, Waste to Energy
