Assessment of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) approach for various industries
Student name: Ms Akanksha
Guide: Dr Kamna Sachdeva
Year of completion: 2014
Host Organisation: ETI Dynamics Pvt. Ltd.
Supervisor (Host Organisation): Mr Sandeep Garg
Abstract: Highly polluting industries such as Paper & Pulp (P&P) and distilleries generate huge amount
of wastewater and discharge their effluent in natural water bodies without proper treatment. The
magnitude of wastewater is high. Rivers are getting polluted due to continuous discharge of
wastewater by industries. They are facing challenges to manage their wastewater and trail strict
environmental regulations. In this study, literature on available Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)
technology is present. This study helped in developing ZLD scheme for pharmaceutical and
paper & pulp industries. The CETP (Common Effluent Treatment Plant) was proposed for the
cluster of pharmaceutical industry. The efficiency of CETP when compared to group of
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) was tremendously very high. It was able to achieve desired
discharge standards. The energy consumption/annum by ETP and CETP was 2.38 crore kWh
and 46.9 lakhs kWh, respectively. Electricity cost of CETP is humangously less when compared
to ETPs of all the industries in cluster. Similarly, proposed ETP with ZLD approach of P&P
industry was able to achieve desired discharge standards. Energy consumption/annum of
proposed and existing ETP is 9.5 lakhs kWh and 70.8 lakhs kWh, respectively. Energy
consumption and electricity cost of proposed ETP is higher than existing ETP.
Keywords: CETP, ZLD, energy, ETP, wastewater
