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The Mangrove ecosystem has unique characteristics that are very diverse and productive and it’s only a natural protective system from climate change in the Earth. These tidal ecosystems providing a carbon storage facility for the long term globally. There are other co-benefits of mangroves providing in the coastal environment which including protection from extreme weather events and climate change-induced disaster. The Indian Sunderban is situated in the southern part of the West Bengal. Sunderban is known for its precious mangrove ecosystem and it holds the world's largest mangrove. Mangrove forest serves a huge amount of natural ecosystem services for residing people of Sunderban. The mangroves of Sunderban has faced drastic loss mainly from the impacts of climate change. Climate change plays a significant role, which makes vulnerable the mangrove community from its impacts. The people of Sunderban are highly dependent on the mangrove ecosystem, the loss of mangrove covers make them vulnerable too. The study tried to identify drivers and uncertainties of climate change that have a negative impact on the mangrove community in the near future. The sea-level rise (cyclonic activity, erosion, and accretion), population explosion (land cover change), and pollution (obstruct inflow of freshwater) are extreme threats for mangroves in Sunderban. The study shows that the changes need to address with revised government policy, efficient policymaking, and effective implementation through the collaborative action of scientists, governments, and local people. The lack of local’s involvement created a gap in government policy which increase threat and risk for the mangrove ecosystem. The traditional knowledge of the local people of Sunderban also needs to be incorporated into the management strategy of mangroves.
Keywords: Mangrove ecosystem, climate change, sea-level rise, management strategy, government policy, governance, traditional knowledge
